TimeZone

Added in version 2.26.

class TimeZone(**kwargs)

A GTimeZone represents a time zone, at no particular point in time.

The GTimeZone struct is refcounted and immutable.

Each time zone has an identifier (for example, ‘Europe/London’) which is platform dependent. See new for information on the identifier formats. The identifier of a time zone can be retrieved using get_identifier.

A time zone contains a number of intervals. Each interval has an abbreviation to describe it (for example, ‘PDT’), an offset to UTC and a flag indicating if the daylight savings time is in effect during that interval. A time zone always has at least one interval — interval 0. Note that interval abbreviations are not the same as time zone identifiers (apart from ‘UTC’), and cannot be passed to new.

Every UTC time is contained within exactly one interval, but a given local time may be contained within zero, one or two intervals (due to incontinuities associated with daylight savings time).

An interval may refer to a specific period of time (eg: the duration of daylight savings time during 2010) or it may refer to many periods of time that share the same properties (eg: all periods of daylight savings time). It is also possible (usually for political reasons) that some properties (like the abbreviation) change between intervals without other properties changing.

Constructors

class TimeZone

classmethod new(identifier: str | None = None) → TimeZone

A version of new_identifier() which returns the UTC time zone if identifier could not be parsed or loaded.

If you need to check whether identifier was loaded successfully, use new_identifier().

Added in version 2.26.

Deprecated since version 2.68: Use new_identifier() instead, as it provides error reporting. Change your code to handle a potentially None return value.

Parameters:

identifier – a timezone identifier

classmethod new_identifier(identifier: str | None = None) → TimeZone | None

Creates a TimeZone corresponding to identifier. If identifier cannot be parsed or loaded, None is returned.

identifier can either be an RFC3339/ISO 8601 time offset or something that would pass as a valid value for the TZ environment variable (including None).

In Windows, identifier can also be the unlocalized name of a time zone for standard time, for example “Pacific Standard Time”.

Valid RFC3339 time offsets are "Z" (for UTC) or "±hh:mm". ISO 8601 additionally specifies "±hhmm" and "±hh". Offsets are time values to be added to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to get the local time.

In UNIX, the TZ environment variable typically corresponds to the name of a file in the zoneinfo database, an absolute path to a file somewhere else, or a string in “std offset [dst [offset],start[/time],end[/time]]” (POSIX) format. There are no spaces in the specification. The name of standard and daylight savings time zone must be three or more alphabetic characters. Offsets are time values to be added to local time to get Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and should be "[±]hh[[:]mm[:ss]]". Dates are either "Jn" (Julian day with n between 1 and 365, leap years not counted), "n" (zero-based Julian day with n between 0 and 365) or "Mm.w.d" (day d (0 <= d <= 6) of week w (1 <= w <= 5) of month m (1 <= m <= 12), day 0 is a Sunday). Times are in local wall clock time, the default is 02:00:00.

In Windows, the “tzn[+|–]hh[:mm[:ss]][dzn]” format is used, but also accepts POSIX format. The Windows format uses US rules for all time zones; daylight savings time is 60 minutes behind the standard time with date and time of change taken from Pacific Standard Time. Offsets are time values to be added to the local time to get Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

new_local() calls this function with the value of the TZ environment variable. This function itself is independent of the value of TZ, but if identifier is None then /etc/localtime will be consulted to discover the correct time zone on UNIX and the registry will be consulted or GetTimeZoneInformation() will be used to get the local time zone on Windows.

If intervals are not available, only time zone rules from TZ environment variable or other means, then they will be computed from year 1900 to 2037. If the maximum year for the rules is available and it is greater than 2037, then it will followed instead.

See RFC3339 §5.6 for a precise definition of valid RFC3339 time offsets (the time-offset expansion) and ISO 8601 for the full list of valid time offsets. See The GNU C Library manual for an explanation of the possible values of the TZ environment variable. See Microsoft Time Zone Index Values <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms912391``%28v``=winembedded.11``%29`.aspx>`_ for the list of time zones on Windows.

You should release the return value by calling unref() when you are done with it.

Added in version 2.68.

Parameters:

identifier – a timezone identifier

classmethod new_local() → TimeZone

Creates a TimeZone corresponding to local time. The local time zone may change between invocations to this function; for example, if the system administrator changes it.

This is equivalent to calling new() with the value of the TZ environment variable (including the possibility of None).

You should release the return value by calling unref() when you are done with it.

Added in version 2.26.

classmethod new_offset(seconds: int) → TimeZone

Creates a TimeZone corresponding to the given constant offset from UTC, in seconds.

This is equivalent to calling new() with a string in the form [+|-]hh[:mm[:ss]].

It is possible for this function to fail if seconds is too big (greater than 24 hours), in which case this function will return the UTC timezone for backwards compatibility. To detect failures like this, use new_identifier() directly.

Added in version 2.58.

Parameters:

seconds – offset to UTC, in seconds

classmethod new_utc() → TimeZone

Creates a TimeZone corresponding to UTC.

This is equivalent to calling new() with a value like “Z”, “UTC”, “+00”, etc.

You should release the return value by calling unref() when you are done with it.

Added in version 2.26.

Methods

class TimeZone

adjust_time(type: TimeType) → tuple[int, int]

Finds an interval within tz that corresponds to the given @``time_``, possibly adjusting @``time_`` if required to fit into an interval. The meaning of @``time_`` depends on type.

This function is similar to find_interval(), with the difference that it always succeeds (by making the adjustments described below).

In any of the cases where find_interval() succeeds then this function returns the same value, without modifying @``time_.``

This function may, however, modify @``time_`` in order to deal with non-existent times. If the non-existent local @``time_`` of 02:30 were requested on March 14th 2010 in Toronto then this function would adjust @``time_`` to be 03:00 and return the interval containing the adjusted time.

Added in version 2.26.

Parameters:

type – the TimeType of @``time_``

find_interval(type: TimeType, time_: int) → int

Finds an interval within tz that corresponds to the given @``time_.`` The meaning of @``time_`` depends on type.

If type is UNIVERSAL then this function will always succeed (since universal time is monotonic and continuous).

Otherwise @``time_`` is treated as local time. The distinction between STANDARD and DAYLIGHT is ignored except in the case that the given @``time_`` is ambiguous. In Toronto, for example, 01:30 on November 7th 2010 occurred twice (once inside of daylight savings time and the next, an hour later, outside of daylight savings time). In this case, the different value of type would result in a different interval being returned.

It is still possible for this function to fail. In Toronto, for example, 02:00 on March 14th 2010 does not exist (due to the leap forward to begin daylight savings time). -1 is returned in that case.

Added in version 2.26.

Parameters:

• type – the TimeType of @``time_``

• time – a number of seconds since January 1, 1970

get_abbreviation(interval: int) → str

Determines the time zone abbreviation to be used during a particular interval of time in the time zone tz.

For example, in Toronto this is currently “EST” during the winter months and “EDT” during the summer months when daylight savings time is in effect.

Added in version 2.26.

Parameters:

interval – an interval within the timezone

get_identifier() → str

Get the identifier of this TimeZone, as passed to new(). If the identifier passed at construction time was not recognised, UTC will be returned. If it was None, the identifier of the local timezone at construction time will be returned.

The identifier will be returned in the same format as provided at construction time: if provided as a time offset, that will be returned by this function.

Added in version 2.58.

get_offset(interval: int) → int

Determines the offset to UTC in effect during a particular interval of time in the time zone tz.

The offset is the number of seconds that you add to UTC time to arrive at local time for tz (ie: negative numbers for time zones west of GMT, positive numbers for east).

Added in version 2.26.

Parameters:

interval – an interval within the timezone

is_dst(interval: int) → bool

Determines if daylight savings time is in effect during a particular interval of time in the time zone tz.

Added in version 2.26.

Parameters:

interval – an interval within the timezone